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Justin Poirier - Grade 11 - World History - Mr. Ferriera - Per. D

**Chapter V: Latin America: From Independence to US Influence.** By: Justin Poirier and Alec Schuberth
 * Section 1 **//**: ** The Wars for Independence: L'Ouverture, Bolivar & San Martin. //

__Section Layout__
 * Introduction
 * Why colonies wanted freedom


 * The Wars for Independence
 * Mexican Independence: Gained in 1821
 * Father Miguel Hidalgo: 1st attempt at independence from Spain in 1810, organized Indian army
 * Jose Morelos: Successful at first, wanted to redistribute land and give equal rights to all races, shot and killed in 1815
 * In 1821 when few Spanish supporters were left in Mexico, Agustin de Iturbide declared Mexico an independent country
 * Central America:
 * Influenced by Mexico, Central American countries declared independence from Spain in 1821 as well.
 * In 1823 the United Provinces of CA was created (includes Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala)
 * Brazil: Gained from Portugal in 1822
 * In 1822, Prince Pedro, son of the king of Portugal, officially gave Brazil freedom of press & religion and an elected legislature.
 * By 1825 most SA colonies has been freed
 * New independent countries left to create and run their own new government


 * Latin Leaders of the 19th Century: L'Ouverture, Bolivar & San Martin
 * L'Ouverture:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Haiti Slave Revolution
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Won independence from France, resisted Napoleonic code
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bolivar "The Liberator":
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Freed Peru in 1824 by defeating the Spanish in the battle of Ayacucho, northern territory of Peru named "Bolivia" in 1824
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">After defeating the Spanish in a battle in Columbia he became President of "Gran Columbia" in Dec. 1819 (now Columbia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama).
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">San Martin:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Led southern part of SA as General, Organized rebel army in Argentina, Argentina independence in 1810
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Liberated Chile w/ Chilean Gen. O'Higgins in 1818
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Joined forces w/ Bolivar to gain independence of Peru and Equador in 1821

> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">A. Economics > > > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">B. Social Impact > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">C. Role of the Church > <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">D. The Importance of Trade
 * Growing influence of the US on the development of Latin America
 * Spanish-American War
 * ====Why there was a war====
 * ====Sinking of the USS Maine - McKinley and Spain both against war but Yellow Press "pressed" on for war, influenced US citizens====
 * ====Treaty of Paris 12/1898====
 * What was lost/gained by both sides in the war
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**// AS //**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**// AS //**
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Agriculture was a big part of the economy, as the commoners farmed to feed and clothe themselves; farming was their entire life. The intervention of the European immigrants to the Latin America will be highlighted.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Taxation impaired the depleted Latin American economy. The lack of control of international trade to the European powers meant higher import and export prices for the smaller nations.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The impact of the flawed economy was dependency on foreigners to supply the capital needed for the basic operations within the countries. The Europeans took advantage of the political powerlessness of latin America by imposing “forced loans” on them to deplete them of money.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The social ranks of Latin America in the 19th century showed a vast amount of inequality. Almost all of the wealth went to just few of the wealthy clergy. The situation only grew worse for the Indians of the land; they were neither accepted by the whites nor by the natives.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Because the people felt cheated by their mother countries, they engaged in many rebellious activites intended to become independent. To do this task, however, the people needed to work together; almost the entire population had to be in agreement with each other just to have a change of overthrowing their European counterparts.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The church was directly influenced by the Enlightenment movement, which sought to ban unjust profiling of churches and advance knowledge and technology. The Europeans began to confiscate church properties, creating a feeling of religious persecution within Latin American citizens. Civil and political rights were then deprived.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">In the early 19th century, Latin America struggled with its poor, deprived economy. After gaining independence, the Latin Americans specialized in the creation of raw goods such as sugar and began to export them for sufficient funds. The development of the wealthy elite began here. It ultimately led to more social inequality and gaps in the social cycle.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Additions:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Voiceovers of important Latin American documents
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Map of 1790 Latin America & Map of 1830 Latin America
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|Timeline of US interventions on Central and South America (1823-1990)]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Latin American Revolutions (Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, and Nicaragua) Timeline